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The government has just admitted, in answer to a question from CND Council member Caroline Lucas MP, that spending planned before 2016 on replacing Trident has shot up by 50%. That’s an extra £2 BILLION pounds of our money that they want to spend on nuclear weapons BEFORE Parliament has finally agreed to replace Trident at all (the decision is due to take place in 2016). We don’t want these weapons, we can’t use them, and the project hasn’t even been authorised by Parliament, so why are they spending so much money?
As if this was not shocking enough CND Vice-Chair Jeremy Corbyn MP recently discovered that the much heralded Lib-Dem-led review of alternatives to Trident will never be published. It seems that the government is afraid to discuss this matter, and is trying to suppress the debate.
It looks very much as if there is an attempt to force through the replacement of Trident, by spending lavishly ahead of the decision and refusing to discuss alternatives.This came from the IPPF
Thought it might be the start of a discussion about men, women, abortion, public - vs- private opinions, etc etc..
A qualitative study reveals men’s attitudes towards abortion in Uganda pose barriers to women involving men in abortion decisions and seeking men’s support for post-abortion care.
Moore AN, Jagwe-Wadda G, Bankole AJ (2011) Biosoc. Sci. 43, 31-45.
Summary:
Abortion is illegal in Uganda except to save the life of the woman. Nevertheless, the practice is quite common: about 300,000 induced abortions occur annually among Ugandan women aged 15-49 (Singh et al., 2005) and a large proportion of these women require treatment for post-abortion complications. In the male-dominant culture of Uganda, where men control most of the financial resources, men play a critical part in determining whether women receive a safe abortion, or appropriate treatment if they experience abortion complications.
This study examines men’s roles in determining women’s access to a safe abortion and post-abortion care. It draws on in-depth interviews carried out in 2003 with 61 women aged 18-60 and 21 men aged 20-50 from Kampala and Mbarara, Uganda. Respondents’ descriptions of men’s involvement in women’s abortion care agreed that men’s stated attitudes about abortion often prevented women from involving them in either the abortion or post-abortion care. Most men believe that if a woman is having an abortion, it must be because she is pregnant with another man’s child, although this does not correspond with women’s reasons for having an abortion – a critical disjuncture revealed by the data between men’s perceptions of, and women’s realities regarding, reasons for seeking an abortion. If the woman does experience post-abortion complications, the prevailing attitude among men in the sample was that they cannot support a woman in such a situation seeking care because if it had been his child, she would not have had a covert abortion.
Since money is critical to accessing appropriate care, without men’s support, women seeking an abortion may not be able to access safer abortion options and if they experience complications, they may delay care-seeking or may not obtain care at all. Barriers to involving men in abortion decision-making endanger women’s health and possibly their lives.
Full text available at: http://journals.cambridge.org/download.p
Commentary: As we look to increase male involvement in reproductive health, it is important to evaluate men’s attitudes to determine the benefits and risks of male involvement. Qualitative studies such as this from Uganda could help determine what type of education and interventions might best support women’s access to sexual and reproductive health care.
This article by Moore et al from Uganda confirms two interesting aspects of the relationship between women and men when it comes to unwanted pregnancy and abortion. The first is that there is a disparity between the reasons men give as to why a woman would want an abortion (primarily to cover up infidelity) and the reasons women themselves give (insufficient space between pregnancies, desire to continue school, abusive home relationship). The second is the fact that women make decisions regarding unwanted pregnancy on their own, every day, regardless of men’s attitudes toward abortion. Just as we know women will seek abortion for an unwanted pregnancy regardless of criminal risk or risk to their lives from unsafe providers, the same is demonstrated in this study for women who lack support from the men in their lives. Women seem to know that they are putting themselves at risk of abandonment and even violence from their partners (the known, possible outcomes if their partner was to find out about the abortion). In addition, they face the risks of criminal prosecution and death from unsafe abortion. None of these risks, however, stop them from seeking what they feel to be the best solution to an unwanted pregnancy for themselves and their families.
One of the more interesting findings is that this lack of support for, and suspicion of women who seek abortion, is focused primarily on wives whose roles are different from a mistress or ‘concubine’. According to one respondent, “It is not common for your wife to tell you [about their unwanted pregnancy]. Maybe if she is a prostitute/concubine. She can tell you, ‘I did not want this pregnancy so let us abort.’ But for a woman who you are married and stay within the home, she cannot tell you about aborting.” In addition, the majority of men said it was acceptable for schoolgirls to have an abortion. But, disturbingly this was not because of the best interests of the girls, but rather “the man responsible could be brought up on defilement (rape) charges if the schoolgirl is found to be pregnant”.
The authors suggest further research to explore any differences that may exist between men’s public anti-abortion rhetoric and private feelings or behavior. This is of particular interest as “the language men used to describe their opposition to abortion was so uniform, it bespeaks the effectiveness of religious and cultural messages that condemn abortion”.
As a movement, we need to learn how to get our messages so embedded in the societal lexicon that we move towards language that is supportive rather than dismissive of women.
Kelly Culwell, MD, MPH Senior Adviser, Abortion, IPPFabortionteam@ippf.org